Acid Chlorides

Acid Chlorides
Naming
The naming of acid chlorides is done by changing the suffix representing the acid from –oic to     –oyl and adding chloride at the end.

Preparation
PCl₅

SOCl₂

Reactions
Hydrolysis
Acid chlorides are highly reactive and these will immediately hydrolyse in the presence of water.

Acid chlorides are the most reactive acid derivatives, and therefore these can be used to prepare all of the other acid derivatives. In all of the reaction HCl is produced, and therefore pyridine can be used as a solvent. Pyridine is a base which can react with pyridine and removes it from solution.
Esters

Acid anhydrides

Amides

Reduction
Acid chlorides can be reduced to either the alcohol or the aldehyde, depending on the conditions used. LiAlH₄ gives off the alcohol while a mixture of Pd and BaSO₄ gives rise to the aldehyde.
Aldehyde

Alcohol